Die Passage (…) [ist] nur angetan, die Begierde zu wecken. Weil in dieser Strasse die Säfte stocken, wuchert die Waren an ihren Rändern und geht phantastische Verbindungen wie die Gewebe in Geschwüren ein. – Der Flaneur sabotiert den Verkehr. Er ist auch nicht Käufer. Er ist Ware.

Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.1, Das Passagen-Werk.

The inhabitants would blow up the catwalks: This is a picture of anti-reason itself, of error, of thoughtlessness. Madness. And all the solutions come to the same thing: separation of traffic according to speed. The pedestrian, from now on, will be confined to raised walks build up above the street, while traffic lanes remain at their present ground level. Madness.

Le Corbusier, Ville Radieuse, 1928.

Was für ein Tag! Ich trieb durch die Fußgängerzone
Und war der tausendste Mann, den ein Team blonder Girls
Für eine Werbeaktion ansprach. Ich war der elfte Kunde
In der Boutique, der heute ein Hemd (taubenblau) kaufte.
Das Gespenst im Schaufenster war ich. Die Spiegelung
Gefiel mir, und ich machte ein Photo meines Schattens.

Durs Grünbein, Dada.

Impressed by the emerging modernist experiments in Europe, North American master planners in the 1960s also embraced the idea of the multilevel city as a radical means of renewing and decongesting decaying urban cores so they could accommodate mass automobile use and compete with the burgeoning malls in the suburbs.

Stephen Graham, Vertical.

Der verschiedenen Berliner Passagen ist zu gedenken: der Kolonnaden in der Nähe des Spittelmarkt (Leipziger Strasse), der Kolonnaden in einer stillen Strasse des Konfektionsviertels, der Passage, der Kolonnaden am Halleschen Tor, der Gattern als Eingang zu Privatstrassen.

Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.2, Das Passagen-Werk.

Die Mehrzahl der pariser Passagen entsteht in den anderthalb Jahrzehnten nach 1822. Die erste Bedingung ihres Aufkommens ist die Hochkonjunktur des Textilhandels. Die magasins de nouveautés, die ersten Etablissements, die größere Warenlager im Hause unterhalten, beginnen sich zu zeigen. Sie sind die Vorläufer der Warenhäuser. Es war die Zeit, von der Balzac schrieb (…).

Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.1, Das Passagen-Werk.

Wider processes of social polarisation have often worked to exaggerate the social separation of inside and outside within the downtowns of various North American cities. […] the city’s skyway system ‘became something it was never intended to be: a fortress, a filter, a refuge.’ The city’s downtown street system –an increasingly residualised space for the poor, the mentally ill and the failed consumers externalised from the interior system– became a source of fear for those inside.

Stephen Graham, Vertical.

While [North American cities] inevitably offer complex ecologies of public, private and semi-private space which are not entirely exclusionary –and some are designed to link more favourably to public streets and transit systems– very often, the primacy of the interiorised city works to residuals the traditional street.

Stephen Graham, Vertical.

Some of the largest interior cities have been built in cities with particularly extreme climates. Indeed, the 18-km system of skywalks in Minneapolis is so extensive that its various routes are coloured and named like subways line to minimise confusion.

… a motivation […] were the advantages to real estate developers or the ability to connect large systems of multilevel car parking garages directly to commercial or retail space.

Stephen Graham, Vertical.

The Phalanx has no outside streets or open road-ways exposed to the elements. All the portions of the central edifice can be traversed by means of a wide gallery which runs along the second floor on the whole building. At each extremity of this spacious corridor there are elevated passages, supported by columns, and also attractive underground passages which connect all the parts of the Phalanx and the adjoining buildings.

Charles Fourier, “Street-Galleries” in Utopian City, 1822