Goethe in the Skyways

Goethe Pop Up Minneapolis Goethe in the Skyways is a year-long program of artistic actions, interventions, and manifestations in public, semi-public, and private space in the frame of the “Year of German-American Friendship” initiative in 2018/19 in the US. It occupies a space in the city’s futuristic skyway system from October 2018 through October 2019.

Sandra Teitge, director of the Goethe Pop Up Minneapolis, invites artists to develop and present works specifically conceived for the Goethe in the Skyways space that challenge and question, (inter-)rupt and disturb the site and context-specific conditions of the skyway system, the city of Minneapolis, and the state of Minnesota, always in relation to national and international issues and debates.

  • The inhabitants would blow up the catwalks: This is a picture of anti-reason itself, of error, of thoughtlessness. Madness. And all the solutions come to the same thing: separation of traffic according to speed. The pedestrian, from now on, will be confined to raised walks build up above the street, while traffic lanes remain at their present ground level. Madness.

    Le Corbusier, Ville Radieuse, 1928.

  • En 1820, on ouvrit … les passages Viollet et des deux Pavillons. Ces passages étaient une des nouveautés de l’époque. C’étaient des galeries couvertes, dues à l’initiative privée, où l’on installa des boutiques, que la mode fit prospérer. Le plus fameux fut le passage des Panoramas, dont la vogue dura de 1823 à 1831. Le dimanche, disait Musset, la cohue ‘Est aux Panoramas ou bien aux boulevards”. Ce fut également l’initiative privée qui créa, un peu au hasard, les cités, courtes rues ou impasses édifiées à frais communs par un syndicat de propriétaires.’ – Lucien Dubech, Pierre D’Espezel: Histoire de Paris, Paris 1926.

    Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.1, Das Passagen-Werk.

  • Diese Passagen, eine neuere Erfindung des industriellen Luxus, sind glasgedeckte, marmorgetäfelte Gänge durch ganze Häusermassen, deren Besitzer sich zu solchen Spekulationen vereinigt haben. Zu beiden Seiten dieser Gänge, die ihr Licht von oben erhalten, laufen die elegantesten Warenläden hin, so dass eine solche Passage eine Stadt, eine Welt im Kleinen ist / Flaneur /, in der der Kauflustige alles finden wird, dessen er benötigt. Sie sind bei plötzlichen Regengüssen der Zufluchtsort aller Überraschten, denen sie eine gesicherte, wenn auch beengte Promenade gewähren, bei der die Verkäufer auch ihren Vorteil finden.

    Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.1, Das Passagen-Werk.

  • Les architectes s’acquittèrent on ne peut mieux de a mission qui leur était confiée. Au premier étage de chaque maison, ils prirent toutes les pièces donnant sur la rue et en démolirent les cloisons intermédiaires, puis ils ouvrirent de larges baies dans les murs mitoyens et ils obtinrent ainsi des rues-galeries qui avaient la largeur et la hauteur d’une chambre ordinaire et occupaient toute la longueur d’un pâté de constructions. Dans les quartiers neufs où les maisons contiguës ont leurs étages à peu près à la même hauteur, le plancher des galeries se trouva être assez régulièrement de niveau … Mais dans les vieilles rues (…) – Tony Moilin: Paris en l’an 2000, Paris, 1869.

    Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.1, Das Passagen-Werk.

  • Wider processes of social polarisation have often worked to exaggerate the social separation of inside and outside within the downtowns of various North American cities. […] the city’s skyway system ‘became something it was never intended to be: a fortress, a filter, a refuge.’ The city’s downtown street system –an increasingly residualised space for the poor, the mentally ill and the failed consumers externalised from the interior system– became a source of fear for those inside.

    Stephen Graham, Vertical.

  • Why enclave? What types of incentivized urbanism will actually benefit from physically segregated infrastructure–from being separate and even distant from the dense and dynamic central spaces of existing cities? Given that the zone is now generating its own urban programs–aspiring to be a city–what economic and technical benefits can result from constructing what is in effect a double or shadow of the city?

    Keller Easterling, “Zone: The Spatial Softwares of Extrastatecraft,” 2014.

  • Some of the largest interior cities have been built in cities with particularly extreme climates. Indeed, the 18-km system of skywalks in Minneapolis is so extensive that its various routes are coloured and named like subways line to minimise confusion.

    … a motivation […] were the advantages to real estate developers or the ability to connect large systems of multilevel car parking garages directly to commercial or retail space.

    Stephen Graham, Vertical.

  • Der verschiedenen Berliner Passagen ist zu gedenken: der Kolonnaden in der Nähe des Spittelmarkt (Leipziger Strasse), der Kolonnaden in einer stillen Strasse des Konfektionsviertels, der Passage, der Kolonnaden am Halleschen Tor, der Gattern als Eingang zu Privatstrassen.

    Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band V.2, Das Passagen-Werk.

  • While [North American cities] inevitably offer complex ecologies of public, private and semi-private space which are not entirely exclusionary –and some are designed to link more favourably to public streets and transit systems– very often, the primacy of the interiorised city works to residuals the traditional street.

    Stephen Graham, Vertical.

  • Impressed by the emerging modernist experiments in Europe, North American master planners in the 1960s also embraced the idea of the multilevel city as a radical means of renewing and decongesting decaying urban cores so they could accommodate mass automobile use and compete with the burgeoning malls in the suburbs.

    Stephen Graham, Vertical.

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